{"id":4051,"date":"2026-06-12T15:50:01","date_gmt":"2026-06-12T15:50:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/elettromeccanicabonato.it\/cariche-elettrostatiche\/"},"modified":"2026-06-15T07:08:25","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T07:08:25","slug":"charges-electrostatiques","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/elettromeccanicabonato.it\/fr\/charges-electrostatiques\/","title":{"rendered":"Charges \u00e9lectrostatiques"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.6&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb100px||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.6&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.6&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.6&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime;]<\/p>\n<h1>Charges \u00e9lectrostatiques<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.6&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||0px|||\u00a0\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime;]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"vc_custom_heading\">Que sont les charges \u00e9lectrostatiques?<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb3_5,2_5&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.6&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb3_5&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.6&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.6&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span>Les\u00a0<strong>charges \u00e9lectrostatiques<\/strong>\u00a0font partie de notre vie. Impossible ? Pourtant, il est arriv\u00e9 \u00e0 tout le monde, t\u00f4t ou tard, de recevoir un petit choc : cela arrive en touchant un objet, en fr\u00f4lant une personne, en sortant d\u2019une voiture. Ce que tout le monde ne sait pas, c\u2019est que l\u2019accumulation d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 statique est responsable de ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne courant. Les charges \u00e9lectrostatiques se forment en raison du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne d\u2019\u00e9lectrification : ce qui se passe, en d\u2019autres termes, lorsqu\u2019une charge \u00e9lectrique est ajout\u00e9e \u00e0 un corps qui est initialement non charg\u00e9, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire neutre.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>L\u2019\u00e9lectrostatique est un domaine de l\u2019\u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tisme qui s\u2019occupe d\u2019\u00e9tudier le fonctionnement des charges \u00e9lectriques responsables de la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration du champ \u00e9lectrostatique. D\u00e8s le V\u00e8me si\u00e8cle av. J.-C, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque de Thal\u00e8s, le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de l\u2019ainsi dite \u00e9lectrification d\u2019un corps \u00e9tait connu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Deux typologies diff\u00e9rentes de charges \u00e9lectriques peuvent \u00eatre distingu\u00e9es : les positives et les n\u00e9gatives. Comme la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre loi de Coulomb exprime,\u00a0<\/span><b>des charges ayant le m\u00eame signe se repoussent, alors que celles avec signe oppos\u00e9 s\u2019attirent entre eux<\/b><span>. Les atomes sont \u00e9lectriquement sans charge car ils contiennent le m\u00eame nombre de protons (positifs) et d\u2019\u00e9lectrons (n\u00e9gatifs). Lorsque de l\u2019\u00e9lectrification d\u2019un corps, toutefois, un passage d\u2019\u00e9lectrons d\u2019un corps \u00e0 l\u2019autre se produit. Le corps recevant des \u00e9lectrons se charge alors n\u00e9gativement, alors que celui qui les c\u00e8de aura une charge positive car le nombre de protons \u00e0 son int\u00e9rieur est plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 que les \u00e9lectrons.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb2_5&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.6&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/elettromeccanicabonato.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/le-cariche-elettrostatiche.jpg.png\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bble-cariche-elettrostatiche.jpg\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.6&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.6&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.6&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.6&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<div id=\"fws_6a2c2600aef90\" data-midnight=\"dark\" data-bg-mobile-hidden=\"\" class=\"wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row standard_section   \">\n<div class=\"col span_12 dark left\">\n<div class=\"vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col no-extra-padding instance-4\" data-border-radius=\"none\" data-shadow=\"none\" data-border-animation=\"\" data-border-animation-delay=\"\" data-border-width=\"none\" data-border-style=\"solid\" data-border-color=\"\" data-bg-cover=\"\" data-padding-pos=\"all\" data-has-bg-color=\"false\" data-bg-color=\"\" data-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-hover-bg=\"\" data-hover-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-animation=\"\" data-delay=\"0\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p>Le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne d\u00e9fini<span>\u00a0<\/span><b>\u00e9lectrification<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/b>d\u2019un corps se produit par des diff\u00e9rentes m\u00e9thodes. Le premier et le plus commun est le<span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>frottement<\/strong>. Un corps peut \u00eatre \u00e9lectrifi\u00e9 aussi par<span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>contact<\/strong>, par<span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>induction<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>et par<span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>compression<\/strong>.<span><br \/><\/span>Contrairement aux charges \u00e9lectrostatiques, qui pr\u00e9sentent toutes le m\u00eame comportement, les<span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>mati\u00e8res<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>montrent certaines diff\u00e9rences importantes. En effet, elles peuvent se r\u00e9partir en<span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>conducteurs<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>et<span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>isolants<\/strong>.<span>\u00a0Dans le premier cas les charges peuvent se d\u00e9placer librement \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de ces mati\u00e8res. Dans la cat\u00e9gorie des conducteurs l\u2019on peut inclure l\u2019<strong>eau<\/strong>, le\u00a0<strong>m\u00e9tal<\/strong>\u00a0et le\u00a0<strong>corps humain<\/strong>. Dans la deuxi\u00e8me, au contraire, les charges ne peuvent pas traverser la mati\u00e8re. Entre les isolants les plus connus l\u2019on peut nommer la\u00a0<strong>plastique<\/strong>, le\u00a0<strong>bois<\/strong>\u00a0et le\u00a0<strong>verre<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Les charges \u00e9lectrostatiques<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/b>causent beaucoup de g\u00eanes, notamment l\u2019<b>attraction de la poussi\u00e8re<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/b>et d\u2019autres mati\u00e8res \u00e9trang\u00e8res.<span>\u00a0<\/span><span>Pendant les phases de transformation la mati\u00e8re adh\u00e8re aux composants de la machine et l\u2019entreprise est oblig\u00e9e \u00e0 suspendre la production pour arranger le produit. En outre, les charges \u00e9lectrostatiques peuvent devenir dangereuses en tant qu\u2019elles d\u00e9clenchent des d\u00e9charges pouvant \u00eatre potentiellement nuisibles pour les \u00e9quipements \u00e9lectriques et \u00e9lectroniques, et provoquer des incendies, des explosions ou des l\u00e9sions aux personnes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><strong>Pour \u00e9viter la formation de ces charges \u00e9lectrostatiques<\/strong>\u00a0il est n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019ioniser l\u2019air ambiant autour du corps charg\u00e9, en d\u00e9composant les atomes de l\u2019air en des ions positifs (noyaux libre) et n\u00e9gatifs (\u00e9lectrons libres). Puisque les charges s\u2019attirent entre eux, comme d\u00e9crit par la loi de Coulomb, un corps charg\u00e9 n\u00e9gativement attirera les ions positifs et c\u00e9dera des ions n\u00e9gatifs jusqu\u2019\u00e0 devenir neutre, alors que le corps charg\u00e9 positivement attirera des ions n\u00e9gatifs jusqu\u2019\u00e0 devenir neutre.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fws_6a2c2600af268\" data-midnight=\"dark\" data-bg-mobile-hidden=\"\" class=\"wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row full-width-section standard_section   \" data-top-percent=\"15%\">\n<div class=\"row-bg-wrap\">\n<div class=\"inner-wrap\">\n<div class=\"row-bg    \" data-color_overlay=\"\" data-color_overlay_2=\"\" data-gradient_direction=\"\" data-overlay_strength=\"0.3\" data-enable_gradient=\"false\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"nectar-shape-divider-wrap \" data-front=\"\" data-style=\"tilt_alt\" data-position=\"bottom\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"col span_12 dark left\">\n<div class=\"vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col no-extra-padding instance-5\" data-border-radius=\"none\" data-shadow=\"none\" data-border-animation=\"\" data-border-animation-delay=\"\" data-border-width=\"none\" data-border-style=\"solid\" data-border-color=\"\" data-bg-cover=\"\" data-padding-pos=\"all\" data-has-bg-color=\"false\" data-bg-color=\"\" data-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-hover-bg=\"\" data-hover-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-animation=\"\" data-delay=\"0\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"divider-wrap\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Charges \u00e9lectrostatiquesQue sont les charges \u00e9lectrostatiques?Les\u00a0charges \u00e9lectrostatiques\u00a0font partie de notre vie. Impossible ? Pourtant, il est arriv\u00e9 \u00e0 tout le monde, t\u00f4t ou tard, de recevoir un petit choc : cela arrive en touchant un objet, en fr\u00f4lant une personne, en sortant d\u2019une voiture. Ce que tout le monde ne sait pas, c\u2019est que l\u2019accumulation [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4051","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Charges \u00e9lectrostatiques: Que sont-elles ? \u2022 Elettromeccanica Bonato<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Il est bien connu que les corps peuvent se charger \u00e9lectrostatiquement par frottement ou compression. 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